Pain In Poetry Sappho Essay - 1356 Words

Pain can be expressed in both sorrow and anger. Sappho creates great imagery in this fragmented poem by taking pain into natural moving actions. She expresses how her feelings change from hurt to anger and how heavy pain can really be. Sappho uses physical movement to express her emotions in different directions. She also emphasizes how she sees revenge is the ultimate goal in order to recover from that pain. Throughout the fragmented poem, Sappho expresses how someone else’s degrading words affect her and how she handles that pain. She is quick to judge and takes action after being put down. With the descriptions of her pain in movements, she tells a story of what caused her pain. Sappho first expresses her feelings about the cause of†¦show more content†¦That shows this sort of â€Å"pain† (line 1) is emotion expressed physically. The â€Å"drips† (line 1) are not the actual pain but a release of the â€Å"pain† she has bottled inside. She is expressing this â€Å"pain† in â€Å"drips† to purposely emphasize the movement of her emotions. â€Å"Drips† are a small amount coming out of her physically so most of the pain is from her emotions. Even though the pain is not pouring out of her physically, it is pouring out of her through the anger she next expresses. The source of the â€Å"drips† (line 1) is vague which emphasizes the simplicity of it. She purposely uses the imagery to show that it makes her depressed and hurt throughout her body. The movement she means to describe here is the weight of the drips as they bring down her sorrow. This is irony because â€Å"drips† are not heavy, but it is a large part in what brings her down. They may not be large in size, but still have a significant volume in her emotions. â€Å"Drips† are in constant steady motion, which emphasize how she takes the â€Å"pain† (line 1) in such calm manner. The â€Å"pain† she describes is in a steady motion because it is anticipating a greater emotion to burst out. Sappho is expressing that her large amount of â€Å"pain† on the inside is finally released which quickly turns to anger. There is huge change in feelings from sadness to threatening, very destructive thoughts. Sappho purposelyShow MoreRelated Sapphos A Prayer To Aphrodite and Seizure Essay588 Words   |  3 Pages Sapphos A Prayer To Aphrodite and Seizure nbsp; Sappho wrote poems about lust, longing, suffering, and their connections to love. Her poetry is vivid, to the point where the reader or listener can feel the sentiments rising from the core of his or her own being. The poetry truly depicts a realistic picture of the bonds of love. Through the subtle differences of the poems, A Prayer To Aphrodite, and Seizure, Sappho conveys the intensity of the longing and suffering of love. nbsp;Read MoreEssay on Magic in The Descent of Innana and Sappho1236 Words   |  5 PagesMagic in The Descent of Innana and Sappho In the ancient text The Descent of Innana and the lyric poetry of Sappho, language is viewed as magic. Not only are the words themselves acting as magic, as in an invocation, but other things manifest themselves as magic throughout the works. The most common throughout the works of Sappho is that of love. Sappho also shows us the magic of everyday life in many of her poems. Finally, the writing down of the works performs a magic all of its own; theRead MoreSummary Of Archilochus And Fragment 31 By Sappu1039 Words   |  5 Pagesfragments 191 and 193 by Archilochus and fragment 31 by Sappho. Both poems provide graphic descriptions of individuals stricken by love for a woman that is implied to be unaware of their affection. Although the two poets share a number of characteristics in terms of general topic and poetic mechanisms, they hold a fundamental set of differences in their approaches to universality, specificity, public, and private. Sappho writes occasional poetry in melic verse - she, as the sole speaker, presents thoughtsRead MorePoetry Of Sappho And Catullus1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ancient poetry of Sappho and Catullus has drawn many comparisons since their origins. In particular, Catullus’s poem 51 is a direct adaptation of Sappho’s 31. This symmetricality of the two poems allows for perfect comparison to highlight the ways in which the styles of the poets differ or resemble the other. While both Sappho and Catullus write of love, uncontrollable desire, and the overwhelming affect it has on them, Catullus brings a certain ego and self-centeredness to his poem, in turnRead MoreComparing Sappho s Poem, Tell Me, Oh Muse1831 Words   |  8 PagesIt is tempting to compare Sappho’s poetry to that of Greek epic writer Homer for many reasons, not the least of which is her apparent invocation to the muse at the beginning of the only complete poem existing from the scant remaining fragments of her work. In her â€Å"Ode to Aphrodite,† she appeals: â€Å"Immortal Aphrodite of the shimmering throne†¦come hither† (Sappho, Loc. 30), echoing Homer’s famous â€Å"Tell me, oh Muse† (Homer, The Odyssey 36), and â€Å"Sing, O goddess, the destructive wrath of Achilles† (HomerRead MoreEpic Poetry By Homer And Catullus Essay1805 Words   |  8 Pagescharacters, despite whether it is the primary or secondary theme. In Greek literature a prominent author is Homer, whom we don’t know if actually existed or if ‘Homer’ is a pseudonym for a collective group of writers. Homer is popular for writing epic poetry, which follows the heroic journey of the protagonist through a lengthy narrative. In epics, the poet focuses on the main character’s search for kleos, the only thing a proper hero requires. In the Iliad, while the search for kleos is a major themeRead MoreRomantic Poetry807 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Romantic Poetry Introduction Romantic poetry tends to embrace certain particular themes, and one of the main themes found in romantic poetry is the sublime (addressing male themes of reason, strength, and fortitude); another main theme is the feminine, which tends to represent beauty and domesticity. This paper explores the theme of the sublime, which has been employed effectively and creatively by both male and female poets. The Sublime in Romantic Poetry Scholars know that not allRead MoreThe Nature Of Love And Relationships Across The Many Works We Studied For This Course1942 Words   |  8 Pageswere written. For example, Sappho wrote extensively about same-sex romantic love between women. â€Å"What is still unclear is what same-sex romantic or erotic love between women may have implied in Sappho s culture. What we do know is that there was not widespread fear and persecution of homosexuals in antiquity† (Hare). Sappho wrote in Poem 94, â€Å"I simply want to be dead. Weeping she left me with many tears and said this: Oh how badly things have turned out for us. Sappho, I swear, against my willRead MoreSara Teasdales Life and Accomplishments1773 Words   |  8 Pagesdelicate craftsmanship on the major themes of love, beauty, and death. Her poetry was often quoted, parodied, and set to music by the public. They awarded her the Columbia University Society Prize and the Poetry Society of America Prize in 1918 for her poe m collection title Love Songs. However, her major success as a lyrical poet proved true when her work continued to sell posthumously. Throughout Teasdale’s lyrical poetry, she depends heavily on metaphors and personification, simple diction, andRead More The Roles of Greek and Roman Women Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pageslives were sheltered. Most women were assigned the role of a homemaker, where they were anticipated to be good wives and mothers, but not much of anything else. The roles of women are thoroughly discussed in readings such as The Aeneid, Iliad, Sappho poetry, and Semonides essay. Most women in ancient Rome were viewed as possessions of the men who they lived with. Basically they were handed from their father to their new husband at the time of their marriage and submitted any property they owned

Othello, By William Shakespeare - 954 Words

In the Shakespeare play Othello, Othello is looking for ocular proof that his wife is cheating on him. â€Å"Villain, be sure thou prove my love a whore, be sure of it. Give me the ocular proof Or by the worth of mine eternal soul Thou hadst been better have been born a dog than answer my waked wrath!†(3.3.369-373) In this quote Iago just told Othello that Desdemona was cheating on him with Cassio. Othello says he will kill Iago if he’s lying. Othello didn’t realize the entire play that â€Å"ocular proof† sometimes doesn’t mean its true. If he just talked to Desdemona this entire situation could have been avoided. Othello is a black soldier who starts out the play being accused of stealing his soon-to-be wife Desdemona. However, Desdemona loves Othello very much and the two are going to get married even though Desdemona s father doesn’t approve. Iago, Othello s right hand man, is angered at the fact that Othello picked a man by the name of Cassio to be more important to him. Iago comes up with a plan to bring down Othello but eventually leads into the downfall of most of the characters. During a fight, Cassio is striped of his lieutenant markings and has to try to please Othello. Because Othello does not care anymore, he goes to Desdemona to seek help. Iago uses the meeting between Cassio and Desdemona against them and tries to make Othello believe that they are seeing each other. Iago plants a handkerchief in Cassio s room and begins to tell Othello about what he has seenShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not kno wing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

Bloodsucking Fiends A Love Story Chapter 2~3 Free Essays

Chapter 2 Death Warmed Over She heard insects scurrying above her in the darkness, smelled burned flesh, and felt a heavy weight pressing down on her back. Oh my God, he’s buried me alive. Her face was pressed against something hard and cold – stone, she thought until she smelled the oil in the asphalt. We will write a custom essay sample on Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 2~3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Panic seized her and she struggled to get her hands under her. Her left hand lit up with pain as she pushed. There was a rattle and a deafening clang and she was standing. The dumpster that had been on her back lay overturned, spilling trash across the alley. She looked at it in disbelief. It must have weighed a ton. Fear and adrenaline, she thought. Then she looked at her left hand and screamed. It was horribly burned, the top layer of skin black and cracked. She ran out of the alley looking for help, but the street was empty. I’ve got to get to a hospital, call the police. She spotted a pay phone; a red chimney of heat rose from the lamp above it. She looked up and down the empty street. Above each streetlight she could see heat rising in red waves. She could hear the buzzing of the electric bus wires above her, the steady stream of the sewers running under the street. She could smell dead fish and diesel fuel in the fog, the decay of the Oakland mudflats across the bay, old French fries, cigarette butts, bread crusts and fetid pastrami from a nearby trash can, and the residual odor of Aramis wafting under the doors of the brokerage houses and banks. She could hear wisps of fog brushing against the buildings like wet velvet. It was as if her senses, like her strength, had been turned up by adrenaline. She shook off the spectrum of sounds and smells and ran to the phone, holding her damaged hand by the wrist. As she moved, she felt a roughness inside her blouse against her skin. With her right hand she pulled at the silk, yanking it out of her skirt. Stacks of money fell out of her blouse to the sidewalk. She stopped and stared at the bound blocks of hundred-dollar bills lying at her feet. She thought, There must be a hundred thousand dollars here. A man attacked me, choked me, bit my neck, burned my hand, then stuffed my shirt full of money and put a dumpster on me and now I can see heat and hear fog. I’ve won Satan’s lottery. She ran back to the alley, leaving the money on the sidewalk. With her good hand she riffled through the trash spilled from the dumpster until she found a paper bag. Then she returned to the sidewalk and loaded the money into the bag. At the pay phone she had to do some juggling to get the phone off the hook and dialed without putting down the money and without using her injured hand. She pressed 911 and while she waited for it to ring she looked at the burn. Really, it looked worse than it felt. She tried to flex the hand and black skin cracked. Boy, that should hurt. It should gross me out too, she thought, but it doesn’t. In fact, I don’t really feel that bad, considering. I’ve been more sore after a game of racquetball with Kurt. Strange. The receiver clicked and a woman’s voice came on the line. â€Å"Hello, you’ve reached the number for San Francisco emergency services. If you are currently in danger, press one; if the danger has passed and you still need help, press two.† Jody pressed two. â€Å"If you have been robbed, press one. If you’ve been in an accident, press two. If you’ve been assaulted, press three. If you are calling to report a fire, press four. If you’ve – â€Å" Jody ran the choices through her head and pressed three. â€Å"If you’ve been shot, press one. Stabbed, press two. Raped, press three. All other assaults, press four. If you’d like to hear these choices again, press five.† Jody meant to press four, but hit five instead. There was a series of clicks and the recorded voice came back on. â€Å"Hello, you’ve reached the number for San Francisco emergency services. If you are currently in danger – â€Å" Jody slammed the receiver down and it shattered in her hand, nearly knocking the phone off the pole. She jumped back and looked at the damage. Adrenaline, she thought. I’ll call Kurt. He can come get me and take me to the hospital. She looked around for another pay phone. There was one by her bus stop. When she reached it she realized that she didn’t have any change. Her purse had been in her briefcase and her briefcase was gone. She tried to remember her calling card number, but she and Kurt had only moved in together a month ago and she hadn’t memorized it yet. She picked up and dialed the operator. â€Å"I’d like to make a collect call from Jody.† She gave the operator the number and waited while it rang. The machine picked up. â€Å"It looks like no one is home,† the operator said. â€Å"He’s screening his calls,† Jody insisted. â€Å"Just tell him – â€Å" â€Å"I’m sorry, we aren’t allowed to leave messages.† Hanging up, Jody destroyed the phone; this time, on purpose. She thought, Pounds of hundred-dollar bills and I can’t make a damn phone call. And Kurt’s screening his calls – I must be very late; you’d think he could pick up. If I wasn’t so pissed off, I’d cry. Her hand had stopped aching completely now, and when she looked at it again it seemed to have healed a bit. I’m getting loopy, she thought. Post-traumatic loopiness. And I’m hungry. I need medical attention, I need a good meal, I need a sympathetic cop, a glass of wine, a hot bath, a hug, my auto-teller card so I can deposit this cash. I need†¦ The 42 bus rounded the corner and Jody instinctively felt in her jacket pocket for her bus pass. It was still there. The bus stopped and the door opened. She flashed her pass at the driver as she boarded. He grunted. She sat in the first seat, facing three other passengers. Jody had been riding the buses for five years, and occasionally, because of work or a late movie, she had to ride them at night. But tonight, with her hair frizzing wild and full of dirt, her nylons ripped, her suit wrinkled and stained – disheveled, disoriented, and desperate – she felt that she fit in for the first time. The psychos lit up at the sight of her. â€Å"Parking space!† a woman in the back blurted out. Jody looked up. â€Å"Parking space!† The woman wore a flowered housecoat and Mickey Mouse ears. She pointed out the window and shouted, â€Å"Parking space!† Jody looked away, embarrassed. She understood, though. She owned a car, a fast little Honda hatchback, and since she had found a parking space outside her apartment a month ago, she had only moved it on Tuesday nights, when the street sweeper went by – and moved it back as soon as the sweeper had passed. Claim-jumping was a tradition in the City; you had to guard a space with your life. Jody had heard that there were parking spaces in Chinatown that had been in families for generations, watched over like the graves of honored ancestors, and protected by no little palm-greasing to the Chinese street gangs. â€Å"Parking space!† the woman shouted. Jody glanced across the aisle and committed eye contact with a scruffy bearded man in an overcoat. He grinned shyly, then slowly pulled aside the flap of his overcoat to reveal an impressive erection peeking out the port of his khakis. Jody returned the grin and pulled her burned, blackened hand out of her jacket and held it up for him. Bested, he closed his overcoat, slouched in his seat and sulked. Jody was amazed that she’d done it. Next to the bearded man sat a young woman who was furiously unknitting a sweater into a yarn bag, as if she would go until she got to the end of the yarn, then reknit the sweater. An old man in a tweed suit and a wool deerstalker sat next to the knitting woman, holding a walking stick between his knees. Every few seconds he let loose with a rattling coughing fit, then fought to get his breath back while he wiped his eyes with a silk handkerchief. He saw Jody looking at him and smiled apologetically. â€Å"Just a cold,† he said. No, it’s much worse than a cold, Jody thought. You’re dying. How do I know that? I don’t know how I know, but I know. She smiled at the old man, then turned to look out the window. The bus was passing through North Beach now and the streets were full of sailors, punks, and tourists. Around each she could see a faint red aura and heat trails in the air as they moved. She shook her head to clear her vision, then looked at the people inside the bus. Yes, each of them had the aura, some brighter than others. Around the old man in tweeds there was a dark ring as well as the red heat aura. Jody rubbed her eyes and thought, I must have hit my head. I’m going to need a CAT scan and an EEG. It’s going to cost a fortune. The company will hate it. Maybe I can process my own claim and push it through. Well, I’m definitely calling in sick for the rest of the week. And there’s serious shopping to be done once I get finished at the hospital and the police station. Serious shopping. Besides, I won’t be able to type for a while anyway. She looked at her burned hand and thought again that it might have healed a bit. I’m still taking the week off, she thought. The bus stopped at Fisherman’s Wharf and Ghirardelli Square and groups of tourists in Day-Glo nylon shorts and Alcatraz sweatshirts boarded, chattering in French and German while tracing lines on street maps of the City. Jody could smell sweat and soap, the sea, boiled crab, chocolate and liquor, fried fish, onions, sourdough bread, hamburgers and car exhaust coming off the tourists. As hungry as she was, the odor of food nauseated her. Feel free to shower during your visit to San Francisco, she thought. The bus headed up Van Ness and Jody got up and pushed through the tourists to the exit door. A few blocks later the bus stopped at Chestnut Street and she looked over her shoulder before getting off. The woman in the Mickey Mouse ears was staring peacefully out the window. â€Å"Wow,† Jody said. â€Å"Look at all those parking spaces.† As she stepped off the bus, Jody could hear the woman shouting, â€Å"Parking space! Parking space!† Jody smiled. Now why did I do that? Chapter 3 Oh Liquid Love Snapshots at midnight: an obese woman with a stun gun curbing a poodle, an older gay couple power-walking in designer sweats, a college girl pedaling a mountain bike – trailing tresses of perm-fried hair and a blur of red heat; televisions buzzing inside hotels and homes, sounds of water heaters and washing machines, wind rattling sycamore leaves and whistling through fir trees, a rat leaving his nest in a palm tree – claws skittering down the trunk. Smells: fear sweat from the poodle woman, rose water, ocean, tree sap, ozone, oil, exhaust, and blood-hot and sweet like sugared iron. It was only a three-block walk from the bus stop to the four-story building where she shared an apartment with Kurt, but to Jody it seemed like miles. It wasn’t fatigue but fear that lengthened the distance. She thought she had lost her fear of the City long ago, but here it was again: over-the-shoulder glances between spun determination to look ahead and keep walking and not break into a run. She crossed the street onto her block and saw Kurt’s Jeep parked in front of the building. She looked for her Honda, but it was gone. Maybe Kurt had taken it, but why? She’d left him the key as a courtesy. He wasn’t really supposed to use it. She didn’t know him that well. She looked at the building. The lights were on in her apartment. She concentrated on the bay window and could hear the sound of Louis Rukeyser punning his way through a week on Wall Street. Kurt liked to watch tapes of â€Å"Wall Street Week† before he went to bed at night. He said they relaxed him, but Jody suspected that he got some latent sexual thrill out of listening to balding money managers talking about moving millions. Oh well, if a rise in the Dow put a pup tent in his jammies, it was okay with her. The last guy she’d lived with had wanted her to pee on him. As she started up the steps she caught some movement out of the corner of her eye. Someone had ducked behind a tree. She could see an elbow and the tip of a shoe behind the tree, even in the darkness, but something else frightened her. There was no heat aura. Not seeing it now was as disturbing as seeing it had been a few minutes ago: she’d come to expect it. Whoever was behind the tree was as cold as the tree itself. She ran up the steps, pushed the buzzer, and waited forever for Kurt to answer. â€Å"Yes,† the intercom crackled. â€Å"Kurt, it’s me. I don’t have my key. Buzz me in.† The lock buzzed and she was in. She looked back through the glass. The street was empty. The figure behind the tree was gone. She ran up the four flights of steps to where Kurt was waiting at their apartment door. He was in jeans and an Oxford cloth shirt – an athletic, blond, thirty-year-old could-be model, who wanted, more than anything, to be a player on Wall Street. He took orders at a discount brokerage for salary and spent his days at a keyboard wearing a headset and suits he couldn’t afford, watching other people’s money pass him by. He was holding his hands behind his back to hide the Velcro wrist wraps he wore at night to minimize the pain from carpal tunnel syndrome. He wouldn’t wear the wraps at work; carpal tunnel was just too blue-collar. At night he hid his hands like a kid with braces who is afraid to smile. â€Å"Where have you been?† he asked, more angry than concerned. Jody wanted smiles and sympathy, not recrimination. Tears welled in her eyes. â€Å"I was attacked tonight. Someone beat me up and stuffed me under a dumpster.† She held her arms out for a hug. â€Å"They burned my hand,† she wailed. Kurt turned his back on her and walked back into the apartment. â€Å"And where were you last night? Where were you today? Your office called a dozen times today.† Jody followed him in. â€Å"Last night? What are you talking about?† â€Å"They towed your car, you know. I couldn’t find the key when the street sweeper came. You’re going to have to pay to get it out of impound.† â€Å"Kurt, I don’t know what you’re talking about. I’m hungry and I’m scared and I need to go to the hospital. Someone attacked me, dammit!† Kurt pretended to be organizing his videotapes. â€Å"If you didn’t want a commitment, you shouldn’t have agreed to move in with me. It’s not like I don’t get opportunities with women every day.† Her mother had told her: Never get involved with a man who’s prettier than you are. â€Å"Kurt, look at this.† Jody held up her burned hand. â€Å"Look!† Kurt turned slowly and looked at her; the acid in his expression fizzled into horror. â€Å"How did you do that?† â€Å"I don’t know, I was knocked out. I think I have a head injury. My vision is†¦ Everything looks weird. Now will you please help me?† Kurt started walking in a tight circle around the coffee table, shaking his head. â€Å"I don’t know what to do. I don’t know what to do.† He sat on the couch and began rocking. Jody thought, This is the man who called the fire department when the toilet backed up, and I’m asking him for help. What was I thinking? Why am I attracted to weak men? What’s wrong with me? Why doesn’t my hand hurt? Should I eat something or go to the emergency room? Kurt said, â€Å"This is horrible, I’ve got to get up early. I have a meeting at five.† Now that he was in the familiar territory of self-interest, he stopped rocking and looked up. â€Å"You still haven’t told me where you were last night!† Near the door where Jody stood there was an antique oak hall tree. On the hall tree there was a black raku pot where lived a struggling philodendron, home for a colony of spider mites. As Jody snatched up the pot, she could hear the spider mites shifting in their tiny webs. As she drew back to throw, she saw Kurt blink, his eyelids moving slowly, like an electric garage door. She saw the pulse in his neck start to rise with a heartbeat as she let fly. The pot described a beeline across the room, trailing the plant behind it like a comet tail. Confused spider mites found themselves airborne. The bottom of the pot connected with Kurt’s forehead, and Jody could see the pot bulge, then collapse in on itself. Pottery and potting soil showered the room; the plant folded against Kurt’s head and Jody could hear each of the stems snapping. Kurt didn’t have time to change expressions. He fell back on the couch, unconscious. The whole thing had taken a tenth of a second. Jody moved to the couch and brushed potting soil out of Kurt’s hair. There was a half-moon-shaped dent in his forehead that was filling with blood as she watched. Her stomach lurched and cramped so violently that she fell to her knees with the pain. She thought, My insides are caving in on themselves. She heard Kurt’s heart beating and the slow rasp of his breathing. At least I haven’t killed him. The smell of blood was thick in her nostrils, suffocatingly sweet. Another cramp doubled her over. She touched the wound on his forehead, then pulled back, her fingers dripping with blood. I’m not going to do this. I can’t. She licked her fingers and every muscle in her body sang with the rush. There was an intense pressure on the roof of her mouth, then a crackling noise inside her head, as if someone were ripping out the roots of her eyeteeth. She ran her tongue over the roof of her mouth and felt needlelike points pushing through the skin behind her canines: new teeth, growing. I’m not doing this, she thought, as she climbed on top of Kurt and licked the blood from his forehead. The new teeth lengthened. A wave of electric pleasure rocketed through her and her mind went white with exhilaration. In the back of her mind a small voice shouted â€Å"No!† over and over again as she bit into Kurt’s throat and drank. She heard herself moaning with each beat of Kurt’s heart. It was a machine-gun orgasm, dark chocolate, spring water in the desert, a hallelujah chorus and the cavalry coming to the rescue all at once. And all the while the little voice screamed no! Finally she pulled herself away and rolled off onto the floor. She sat with her back to the couch, arms around her legs, her face pressed against her knees, ticking and twitching with tiny convulsions of pleasure. A dark warmth moved through her body, tingling as if she had just climbed out of a snowbank into a hot bath. Slowly the warmth ran away, replaced by a heart-wrenching sadness – a feeling of loss so permanent and profound that she felt numbed by the weight of it. I know this feeling, she thought. I’ve felt this before. She turned and looked at Kurt and felt little relief to see that he was still breathing. There were no marks on his neck where she had bitten him. The wound on his forehead was clotting and scabbing over. The smell of blood was still strong but now it repulsed her, like the odor of empty wine bottles on a hangover morning. She stood and walked to the bathroom, stripping her clothes off as she went. She turned on the shower, and while it ran worked down the remnants of her panty hose, noticing, without much surprise, that her burned hand had healed completely. She thought, I’ve changed. I will never be the same. The world has shifted. And with that thought the sadness returned. I’ve felt this before. She stepped into the shower and let the scalding water run over her, not noting its feel, or sound, or the color of the heat and steam swirling in the dark bathroom. The first sob wrenched its way up from her chest, shaking her, opening the grief trail. She slid down the shower wall, sat on the water-warmed tiles and cried until the water ran cold. And she remembered: another shower in the dark when the world had changed. She had been fifteen and not in love, but in love with the excitement of touching tongues and the rough feel of the boy’s hand on her breast; in love with the idea of passion and too full of too-sweet wine, shoplifted by the boy from a 7-Eleven. His name was Steve Rizzoli (which didn’t matter, except that she would always remember it) and he was two years older – a bit of a bad boy with his hash pipe and surfer smoothness. On a blanket in the Carmel dunes he coaxed her out of her jeans and did it to her. To her, not with her: she could have been dead, for her involvement. It was fast and awkward and empty except for the pain, which lingered and grew even after she walked home, cried in the shower, and lay in her room, wet hair spread over the pillow as she stared at the ceiling and grieved until dawn. As she stepped out of the shower and began mechanically toweling off, she thought, I felt this before when I grieved for my virginity. What do I grieve for tonight? My humanity? That’s it: I’m not human anymore, and I never will be again. With that realization, events fell into place. She’d been gone two nights, not one. Her attacker had shoved her under the dumpster to protect her from the sun, but somehow her hand had been exposed and burned. She had slept through the day, and when she awoke the next evening, she was no longer human. Vampire. She didn’t believe in vampires. She looked at her feet on the bath mat. Her toes were straight as a baby’s, as if they had never been bent and bunched by wearing shoes. The scars on her knees and elbows from childhood accidents were gone. She looked in the mirror and saw that the tiny lines beside her eyes were gone, as were her freckles. But her eyes were black, not a millimeter of iris showing. She shuddered, then realized that she was seeing all of this in total darkness, and flipped on the bathroom light. Her pupils contracted and her eyes were the same striking green that they had always been. She grabbed a handful of her hair and inspected the ends. None were split, none broken. She was – as far as she could allow herself to believe – perfect. A newborn at twenty-six. I am a vampire. She allowed the thought to repeat and settle in her mind as she went to the bedroom and dressed in jeans and a sweatshirt. A vampire. A monster. But I don’t feel like a monster. As she walked back from the bedroom to the bathroom to dry her hair, she spotted Kurt lying on the couch. He was breathing rhythmically and a healthy aura of heat rose off his body. Jody felt a twinge of guilt, then pushed it aside. Fuck him, I never really liked him anyway. Maybe I am a monster. She turned on the curling iron that she used every morning to straighten her hair, then turned it off and threw it back on the vanity. Fuck that, too. Fuck curling irons and blow dryers and high heels and mascara and control-top panty hose. Fuck those human things. She shook out her hair, grabbed her toothbrush and went back to the bedroom, where she packed a shoulder bag full of jeans and sweatshirts. She dug through Kurt’s jewelry box until she found the spare keys to her Honda. The clock radio by the bed read five o’clock in the morning. I don’t have much time. I’ve got to find a place to stay, fast. On her way out she paused by the couch and kissed Kurt on the forehead. â€Å"You’re going to be late for your meeting,† she said to him. He didn’t move. She grabbed the bag of money from the floor and stuffed it into her shoulder bag, then walked out. Outside, she looked up and down the street, then cursed. The Honda had been towed. She’d have to get it out of impound. But you could only do that during the day. Shit. It would be light soon. She thought of what the sun had done to her hand. I’ve got to find darkness. She jogged down the street, feeling lighter on her feet than she ever had. At Van Ness she ran into a motel office and pounded on the bell until a sleepy-eyed clerk appeared behind the bulletproof window. She paid cash for two nights, then gave the clerk a hundred-dollar bill to ensure that she would not, under any circumstances, be disturbed. Once in the room she locked the door, then braced a chair against it and got into bed. Weariness came on her suddenly as first light broke pink over the City. She thought, I’ve got to get my car back. I’ve got to find a safe place to stay. Then I need to find out who did this to me. I have to know why. Why me? Why the money? Why? And I’m going to need help. I’m going to need someone who can move around in the day. When the sun peeked over the horizon in the east, she fell into the sleep of the dead. How to cite Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 2~3, Essay examples

The Right To Be Free Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The Right To Be Free Persuasive Essay The Right to Be FreeIn the novel A Lesson Before Dying, although Grant is an educated black man in the era of a racist society he has struggles greater than most men of his decent. I feel sorry for him because of his limitations, even though I view him as a coward. He cannot break free of his background and family. The three main female characters in the novel, Tante Lou, Miss Emma, and Vivian, restrict and limit Grants choices. Grant realizes that freedom means leaving his small town and creating a new life, yet each woman holds a chain that keeps him from his destiny and the right to be free. First, Tante Lou, his aunt holds Grant from his dreams by refusing to let him go his own way. Tante Lou wants Grant to stay at home with her and take care of her. But, in the time the novel takes place, it wasnt common for young men stay with their elders and help out, especially when Grant has a college degree and can accomplish so much. Tante Lou took advantage of this in any means necessary, using the fact that Grant is family and in essence owes it to her to stay and help out. We can see this on page 14 when Tante Lou forces Grant to talk to Mr. Henri about seeing Jefferson. You are going up there with us Grant, or you will not sleep in this house tonight. Tante Lou deniesKnodt 2Grant choices that men his age have. Next, Miss Emma, who doesnt have a family relation to Grant, also restricts his choices in life. Miss Emma plays an important role in the novel by being Jeffersons godmother, and in a painstaking situation. She asks Grant in a way that gives him no real choices to teac h Jefferson to be a man. Leaning on her ability to persuade, and using her power as an extensive friend to Tante Lou she can basically tell Grant what to do and gets away with it. She knew Grant did not want to go and teach Jefferson, but still went ahead with it. Driving along the St. Charles River I could feel Emma not looking at me, not looking at anything..just thinking. Like my Aunt she knew how much I hated all of this.(p.68) Miss Emma therefore forces Grant to do matters that she wants, not what Grant thinks he is capable of doing. Thirdly, Vivian, the love of his life, is also limiting Grants ability to make decisions based strictly on his own intent. She understands Grants need to leave and see new things, but has restrictions in her life that will not allow her to help Grant begin a new existence. Vivian is in the middle of a drawn out divorce and needs to see it through so she can maintain custody of her children. We see an example of this on page 93. Lets go somewhere and spend the night. Baton Rouge, New Orleans- anywhere, Grant asks. I cant, My Babies. This sentence alone describes the turmoil she is going through with her own threatening aspects and how it effects Grants choices. I think the book is an intriguing novel and surfaced important issues dealt with in society. Religion, racism, and many other articles of today are just a few. But, Grant is a complex character and can be depicted thoroughly. His education holds him to a new Knodt3standard not expected of people back then, but withholds him fro m reaching his dreams. He cannot find what he is looking for in this small town that A Lesson Before Dying takes place in. I feel sorry for him until Jefferson teaches him other factors involved to being a real and distinct kind of man. He evolves dramatically. But, his need to be free is still restrained by Tante Lou, Miss Emma, and Vivian in different, yet important ways. .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c , .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .postImageUrl , .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c , .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c:hover , .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c:visited , .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c:active { border:0!important; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c:active , .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u38c7613925aa2c013577f23fc9a0c26c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Grapes of Wrath: Description Al Joad and the S Argumentative EssayEnglish Essays

Special Relativity Essays - Thomas Hardy, Pantheists,

Special Relativity ESPECIALLY ... ... of Hardy's Poems as Seen through the characters is a study concerning Hardy's capability of presenting irony of situation in his poetry. The analysis deals ... www.petra.ac.id/english/petra/studentarea/finalpaper/letters/ sas-7-94.htm - 64k - Cached - Similar pages Poetry term papers and more term papers - examples - 165- ... ... 5 page analysis of three poems that personify objects or objectify humans. The writer examines Walt Whitman's 'To A Locomotive In Winter,' Thomas Hardy's 'The ... www.getapaper.com/categories/165-013.html - 55k - Cached - Similar pages POEMS OF 1912-13 (THOMAS HARDY 1840-1928) ... web pages are intended to help you in your critical analysis and understanding of Hardy's poetry. All of the poems occur in Hardy's collection Poems of 1912-13 ... www.sunderland.ac.uk/nevicflash/poetcrit/HardyIGR/Hardyfound.htm - 3k - Cached - Similar pages THOMAS HARDY AND THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE ... by Thomas Hardy's from Project Bartleby; Thomas Hardy Poems from the Poetry Archive; Analysis of Thomas Hardy's The Convergence of the Twain; Review of Novel; ... www.geocities.com/Athens/Oracle/3211/hardy.html - 12k - Cached - Similar pages Thamas Hardys, The ... ... disruption midway through the poem. Unlike most poets who keep their poems in chronological order to maintain suspense throughout the poem, Hardy believed that ... www.*.com/Reports/Poetry/Thamas_Hardys__The_Convergeance_of_Twain.shtml - 15k - Cached - Similar pages Research papers and research papers on Poetry - 165-011 ... 5 page analysis of three poems that personify objects or objectify humans. The writer examines Walt Whitman's 'To A Locomotive In Winter,' Thomas Hardy's 'The ... www.dontcopy.com/categories/165-011.html - 46k - Cached - Similar pages Result Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next Search within results New! Get the Google Toolbar for your browser: Try your query on: AltaVista Deja Excite HotBot Infoseek Lycos Yahoo! Google Web Directory - Cool Jobs - Advertise with Us! - Add Google to your Site - Google in your Language - All About Google ?2001 Google Science

An Assessment of Clean Up Australia advert We Want You

An Assessment of Clean Up Australia advert We Want You Introduction Clean up Australia is a non-governmental organization which is at the fore-front of environmental conservation. The organization uses community based events as its main tool in environmental conservation. The organization was founded by Ian Kiernan in 1989(Clean Up Australia, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on An Assessment of Clean Up Australia advert ‘We Want You’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was after he had witnessed the level of pollution in various oceans around the world. In 1989, he organized the clean up Sydney Harbour which got an overwhelming response. The first Clean up Australia day was organized in 1990. Clean up Australia has internationalized its operations. Through UNEP, a Clean up the World day was introduced in 1993. Clean Up Australia has launched a campaign through which it intends to raise funds from individual sponsors. Clean Up Australia day has enjo yed support from both individual and corporate sponsors. The campaign is dubbed ‘We Want You’ is a request to Australians to contribute $ 2 Australian dollars (Clean Up Australia day, 2012). Also, businesses can contribute towards the course. They are several incentives that have been set up to ensure that individuals and businesses contribute towards the course. A role of honour has been established for individuals and businesses that contribute towards the course. Businesses that contribute more than $ 5000, a company is given a special honour where they will be featured in by Clean Up Australia as a case study which will be posted on the organization’s website. High effort behaviour is characterised by several things. One of the aspects associated with high effort behaviour is increased personal cost (Barr et al., 2011). Personal cost can be incurred through direct monetary donations. Secondly, an individual can invest time and thus forego income generating ac tivities to engage in alternative activities. Low effort behaviour, on the hand, does not require huge monetary or time investments. The above advert involves low effort behaviour as the amount required is low. An individual is required to contribute only $ 2 only towards the initiative.Advertising Looking for assessment on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Clean Up Australia has shifted focus from big corporate donations to community donors. After the 2008 global financial, companies suffered a dip in their profits (IMF, 2009). This led to constrained resources thus reduced amount allocated for community service projects. The above campaign is aimed to solicit funds from ordinary citizens. Citizens, also, incurred constrained resources after the global crisis in 2008. This was caused by escalating cost of living. Therefore $ 2 contribution is quite reasonable thus more people can afford to contr ibute. Also, individual including young person’s can contribute towards the course. There leads to increased awareness on the environmental conservation when an individual contributes towards the course. The individual is keen on initiatives introduced by Clean Up Australia for the utilisation of the funds. The campaign has set up a role of honour where individuals who contribute towards the campaign are recognized (Clean Up Australia Day, 2012). Recognition acts as an important reinforcement tool. Individuals feel appreciated for the contribution that they make towards the course. The campaign is also an alternative for individuals for individual who may not be in a position to participate in clean up events. By using the ‘We Want You initiative’, Clean Up Australia aims at increasing environmental awareness through donations. Analysis An advertisement is tool of communication used to encourage individuals to take up new products or services. AIDA theory outline s four critical aspects that are associated with an advertisement. They include attention, interest, desire and action (Stern, 2000). In order for an advertisement to be successful, it must generate the above elements. The structure of ‘ Join?You’ advert is meant attracts ones attention. This is because the advert has question mark which is framed into word ‘you’.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on An Assessment of Clean Up Australia advert ‘We Want You’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, one is attracted to the advert due to the creativity exhibited on the presentation of the advert. The structure of the advert, also, arouses ones interest. The need to know what’s behind the question mark pushes one into opening the adverts’ slides. The low amount of contribution is one incentive that arouses ones desire to contribute towards the project. Another incen tive is the role of honour introduced by the organization for recognizing individuals who have contributed towards the course (Clean Up Australia Day, 2012). The desire to participate in the project is fulfilled by one contributing towards the project. Success of an advert is linked to increase in sales in various firms. Therefore, success of the above advert can only be analysed by the amount of contribution received. Theory of attention Selective attention theories indicate that individuals choose to concentrate on specific characteristics of an object. Selective attention is divided into two main stages. The first stage encompasses attention to all characteristics of the object. An individual focuses on the object as a whole. This is based on mental shortcut known as schemas. There are formed from encounters with similar objects in the past (Meyers-Levy Tybout, 1989). The second stage encompasses focus on a specific characteristic of object. Focus on the characteristic could be as a result of its uniqueness. Therefore, it is a source of new information which an individual tries to process and interpret the new information. Thereafter, the new information and thus is part a schema is constructed for perception of similar characteristics in future. The above advert provokes interest where an individual is firstly drawn to structure of the advert. The imagery portrayed on the advert is quite unique and thus individual are drawn to it.Advertising Looking for assessment on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The creativity on the above advert provokes increased attention to specific characteristics including the intricacy of the artwork. Therefore, one is interest is drawn towards unravelling the initiative behind the advert. Thereafter, incentives arouse ones desire into participating in the initiative. Cognitive based attitudes An attitude encompasses an evaluation of an object. The evaluation is based on several aspects including the perceived conditions of excellence or quality of an object (Campbell Kirmani, 2000). Where the object does not meet the conditions, a negative attitude is developed towards the object. The multi-component theory of attitudes identifies three critical components of cognitive based attitudes. These components include judgements, thoughts and beliefs (Festinger, 1957). Understanding cognitive based attitudes is a basis from which advertising is premised. An advert acts as persuasion tool used for development of a positive image about a product or service. Cognitive based attitudes, therefore, are based on information and consequent use of a company’s product or service. A cognitive based attitude is thereby developed through a continuous evaluation process. Cognitive based attitudes are based on a multi-dimensional structure. Cognitive attitudes are based in specific attributes of a product or service. Attributes can be either positive or negative. Therefore, they are quite distant from affective based attitudes which are more uni-dimensional thus specific attributes about a product are not observed. Specific attributes refer to specific characteristics about the product or service (Campbell Kirmani, 2000). An evaluation based on preset standards forms the basis from where either positive or negative attitudes are formed. There are two main factors that determine the level of persuasion of an advert in relation to cognitive based attitudes. Firstly, the strength of an attitude heavily influences consumers towards purchasing p roducts from a particular company. The strength of an attitude is based on the duration of evaluation of a brand (Alba Hutchison,1987). Where an individual has used a company’s product or service, the attitude towards the brand is usually well-established. On the other hand, first time buyers attitudes are not well established thus rely more on the information provided by the company. Information about the product can be contained in advert detailing use and benefits of product or service. Where a positive attitude towards the brand in well established, there is increased likelihood that the customer repurchases a product from the same brand. Secondly, attachment generated towards a specific brand is also a critical component that influences success of adverts. Attachment to a brand arises when a customer can relate to directly to a brand. A positive attitude towards a brand results in increased loyalty from the customer (Alba Hutchison,1987). He or she, therefore, overlook s some of the faults that may be present in the company’s future products or services. Also, the customer markets the product through word of mouth. This is an important marketing tool where customers act as trusted sources for potential customers The success of the ‘We want You’ campaign is premised on several aspects. One of the critical components is the image of the company. This is based on aspects as transparency in the organization’s financial policies. Clean Up Australia has maintained prudent financial practices thus has continuously enjoyed support from individual and corporate sponsors alike. The role of honour is a tool that will be used to increase sponsor’s attachment to the initiative. Increased attachment gives the initiative momentum by marketing through word of mouth. Businesses that contribute also get recognition by being featured in the Clean Up Australian’s website. Individual contribution has been put at $ 2 Australian dollars. This is important as more individuals can take part in the initiative. Participation of young people is particularly imperative to the initiative. This is because by encouraging positive environmental conservation behaviour in young people, young people will be conscious of environmental conservation (Whitmarsh, 2009). In the long term, this translates to reduced consumer waste thus reduced impact on the environment. This is in line with Clean Up Australia’s long term objectives of reducing environmental pollution across Australia and the world. Conclusion The success of the ‘Join?You’ initiative is premised on the successful marketing of the campaign. Clean Up Australia has designed an advert and placed it on its website. Individuals visiting the website can see the advert and thus is bound to attract their attention. The advert is a combination of a question mark and the word ‘you’. The aim of the initiative is to raise money towards Clean Up Australia day which is observed across Australia. Individual and business sponsors alike can contribute towards the initiative. A role of honour has been established to recognize individual and business sponsors. Through encouraging individuals to make small contributions, Clean Up Australia can use the initiative as a tool of raising awareness on the importance of environmental conservation. Reference List Alba, J.W., Hutchinson, J. (1987). Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of  Consumer Research, 13, 411–454. Barr, S., Gilg, A. et al. (2011). Helping People Make Better Choice: Exploring the  Behaviour change agenda for environmental sustainability. Applied Geography,  31, 712-720. Campbell, M.C., Kirmani, A. (2000). Consumers’ use of persuasion knowledge: The effects of accessibility and cognitive capacity on perceptions of an influence agent.  Journal of Consumer Research,27, 69–83. Clean Up Australia Day. (2012).  Join? You A Major S ponsor Of Clean Up  Australia Day  2012. Web. Clean Up Australia.(2012). The Clean Up story. Web. Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University  Press  IMF.(2009). World Economic Outlook. Web. Meyers-Levy, J., Tybout, A. (1989).Schema congruity as a basis for  product evaluation. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 39–54. Stern, P. C. (2000). Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behaviour.  Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407-424. Whitmarsh, L. (2009). Behavioural responses to climate change: Asymmetry of  intentions and impacts. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 13-23.

Legal Issue Paper HUMAN RIGHTS IN IRAQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Issue Paper HUMAN RIGHTS IN IRAQ - Essay Example Iraq has seen different periods of government rule and the human rights in Iraq have been different in the different periods of rule. The human rights in Iraq can be divided into three distinct periods, the pre-Saddam period, the period of Saddam Hussein, and the post war period. The military in Iraq plays a very important role in maintaining an atmosphere of pressure and fear on which the government of Iraq rests. The Iraqi military forces have a lot of power and the government usually does not make an attempt to investigate any human rights abuse cases. The Iraqi government's human rights record is very poor. Human rights like the right to freedom of speech, the right to freedom of press, and the like were restricted by the government. Human rights in the pre-Saddam period were very poor. The abuses of human rights on the citizens were prevalent from this period itself. The Hashemite monarchy is considered the most imperfect rule in terms of human rights. The influence of prime ministers and leaders of the military was huge and the civil and human rights of people varied from place to place. During this period Jews had face a lot of discrimination. They were deprived of property and Iraqi nationality. In 1949 Iraq's Prime Minister also suggested that Iraq may expel its Jewish population .1 Following this, from 1950 to 1951 more than 120,000 Jews left Iraq for Israel in a mass emigration. This mass emigration was one of the largest airlift operations in history .2 Human rights in the pre-Saddam period faced a lot of ups and downs as Iraq saw many different leaders and governments. Human rights were often violated due to the differences between various rulers and members of different ethnic communities. Many rulers and regimes discriminated certain groups and communities, which resulted in the violation of human rights to these affected communities. Saddam Hussein was one of the most famous Iraqi leaders. Human right during his rule faced a lot of torture and mass murder. During Saddam's rule the military and paramilitary forces had a lot of power, which they used to violate many human rights. The methods used to maintain control during his rule were secret police, forced disappearances, targeted assassinations, murders, and torture. Regular reports of widespread torture and murder were reported by the Amnesty International and Human Right Watch. Many human rights organizations have documented many cases of torture, murder, approved execution, and rape during Saddam's rule between 1979 and 2003. Human rights in Saddam's rule were affected in many ways. People were executed for reasons such as supporting the opposition, or not being in favour of the President. Women were executed saying they practised prostitution and some men were executed for supporting them. Mass execution used to take place in prisons as part of a prison clean out activity. Political killing were another way of murdering people. Widespread disappearances continued to take place with hundreds of people missing. "The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iraq has reported that such records have been found with regard to a considerable number of persons followed, wanted or detained in northern Iraq, many of whom subsequently disappeared" (Lawson, Bertucci and Wiseberg 522). Though the Iraqi constitution prohibited torture and arbitrary arrest and detention, the military and security forces regularly

Economic and Business Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic and Business Context - Essay Example in 1894 in Manchester, after wards Marks entered in to partnership with Thomas Spencer, and they established a company known as Marks & Spencer (M & S). In the initial time the company only concentrates in the area of selling of goods they are purchased the goods from wholesalers and other intermediteries after they established a good market base in UK they entered another area of business. Marks & Spencer became a limited company after adopting revolutionary policy of buying directly from manufacturers. In 1926 they stepped in textile industry. It is mainly concentrating on the selling of British produced goods for the purposes of maintaining cordial relation with British manufacturers by maintaining a new brand named ‘St Michael’ mainly they market clothing and Food products. The key factor behind their success is the motto of providing better customer service relation, by accepting unwanted goods from their customer and refunding the cash. The company tries to provide only quality goods by maintaining their reputation for offering fair value for money. In 1988 the company acquired Brooks Brothers an American clothing company and Kings Supermarket a food chain. Currently the company expands and diverse their business activities in the area of Food retail stores and Home ware retailing also. They are mainly marketing the clothing products through their retail outlets. â€Å"Marks & Spencer, leading international departmental, has drawn up ambitious expansion plans in India and China starting as early as next year, its chief executive Stuart Rose has said.† (Marks & Spencer plans to expand in India, china, 2007). The company also launched a web site for the purpose of online marketing system associated with Amazon.com. Marks & Spencer’s better customer service and quality products will helps them to improve their business in the area of online marketing also. â€Å"For years customer service has been a fundamental part of consumers offline shopping

Marketing of Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing of Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company - Essay Example When you go to a hotel, the hotel tries to emulate this feeling by trying to make your stay convenient and comfortable. In more common occasions, the hotel falls short of this and the guest would need to frequently or occasionally call for room service just to be able to make the hotel more comfortable. Therefore, with their personalize system, you don't really need to call room service anymore because it is already automatically provided for and it gives the hotel the opportunity to call and inform the guest for point of interest that they might enjoy. Rewarding loyal customers. - Through constant visits in the hotel, more data would eventually be gathered for the guest. Therefore, making it possible to give even more precise and better service to its guests. Food preference - knowing the food preference not only makes it convenient for customers to give the company decisions for their own food, especially convenient for people who would stay for a considerable amount of time and make a routine service for food. It is like having a personal cook which knows what you want to eat without telling them. Also, it helps the company prepare the food before hand, thus cutting preparation time. No need to call for room service - Since the hotel would know what each client would like, there would virtually be less need for clients to call room service.

Right and Wrong Ethics Philosophy

Right and Wrong Ethics Philosophy In everyday life, we are always faced with the task of determining whether certain actions are right or wrong. Ethics can thus be defined as a branch of philosophy that addresses issues of morality. Ethics is also referred to as moral philosophy. Moral philosophy is the systematic study of the nature of morality (Furrow 1). Questions involving such concepts as good and evil, right and wrong, vice and virtue are addressed in this systematic study. Such questions include; what I ought to do in a certain situation? How I ought to live? Ethics is a coherent discipline in philosophy that strives to answer some practical questions that form a basis of establishing the guiding principles and values of an individual or society. Gensler (3) outlines two major branches of moral philosophy or ethics namely: Metaethics is the branch that attempts to study the nature and the methodology of moral judgments. Questions to be addressed under this branch include; what do good and ought mean? Are there moral truths and how can we justify or rationally defend beliefs about right or wrong? A metaethical view of morality has two parts; one part is concerned with the nature of moral judgments which is often the definition of good, the other part is about the methodology usually outlining how to select moral principles. Gensler (3) states that normative ethics studies principles about how to live. It asks questions like; what are the basic principles of right and wrong? What are the basic human rights? And is abortion right or wrong? Normative ethics is further classified into two levels; normative theory which looks for the very general moral principles and applied normative ethics which studies moral questions about specific areas like abortion, lying, euthanasia and surrogacy. Why study ethics? The study of ethics and more specifically the development of major ethical theories can be traced back to the Ancient Greek philosophy propounded by such philosophers as Aristotle and Socrates. In the modern life, ethics has captured the attention of various philosophers in diverse fields who are progressing in an attempt to answer various questions that are raised by the contemporary moral issues. Thus some of the reasons for studying ethics include; The study of ethics deepens our reflection on the ultimate questions of life. This reflection helps an individual to understand himself or herself better regarding the principles of some pertinent issues in life. Gensler (4) argues that if you have not wrestled with some of lifes deeper questions, then you are not a well-educated person. Ethics enables an individual to be an all-rounded person in life. The study of moral philosophy can help us to think better about morality. Some issues arise especially in the modern world and individuals are faced with ultimate questions on the moral basis of those issues such as abortion. For instance individuals adopt different approaches in dealing with the issue of abortion, while the proponents maintain that the mother has the principal right to make decisions concerning her body, the opponents argue that the sanctity of life should be maintained at all times and that the growing foetus has a right to life which is a major basic human right. Thus Gensler (4) states that moral philosophy or ethics can improve our perspective, and make it more reflective and better thought out. Another major reason of studying ethics or moral philosophy is to sharpen our general thinking processes. In philosophy we are able to learn very significant intellectual skills that guide our reasoning and thinking. Thus we can logically reason out concerning fundamental or ultimate questions in real life while critically evaluating the conflicting view points and consequently settle for decision that reflects on our values and principles as individuals. Ethics is undoubtedly a very interesting subject to study. Ethics provokes some good or healthy debates with other people, especially if the two or more people naturally have conflicting view points on major issues of life. These interesting debates stimulate and sharpen our thinking and imagination enabling people to re-think our view point giving room for alter or improve our perspectives in future events. History of ethics The history of ethics can be traced to three periods of thoughts as outlined by Gensler et al (25) namely the ancient, medieval and the modern period of thought. Ancient period of thought; philosophers who contributed to the development of ethics in this period include Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicureans and stoics. In the west, philosophical inquiry into ethics began with the ancients Greeks. Greek ethicists inquired into how a person could use reason to achieve the good life but they did not reach a consensus about what the good life is and the nature of the practical reason that can reach it. Socrates and Plato were concerned with act-oriented ethics which is primarily concerned with what we do. Aristotle (384-322BC), a student of Plato, modified a number of his Mentors idealistic and quasi-religious ethical views (Gensler et al 27). Aristotle is said to have rejected Platos ethical views and subsequently developed the aretaic, or virtue ethics. Gensler et al (27) argues that Aristotle proposed that virtue ethics is interested ultimately who we are despite our actions. Aristotle further clarified that virtue does not come naturally; an individual needs to be trained or educated to be virtuous. Virtue if of two types; Moral, which deals in part with the irrational part of the soul and the intellectual, which involves only the rational part of the soul. Gensler et al (28) argues that the highest form of virtue is found not in enjoying friends but in contemplating truth. During the period of Epicureans and stoics, philosophers became concerned with the practicalities of dealing with the political and social instability since in 323 BC, Greece fell into a significant decline leading to numerous battles for parts of the empire. Medieval period of thought: prominent philosophers in this period include St Augustine, St Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus and William of Ockham. The political and social instability in the ancient period of thought continued into this period as the philosophers got more interested into gaining a deeper insight into this issue. This led to the analysis of human actions by the philosophers. Augustine proposed that human freedom stemmed from the lack of causal influences while Aquinas believed that human freedom stemmed from the internal deliberation that causes our actions. Gensler et al (31) claims that Aquinas analyzed actions on the basis not only of their conformity to the natural law but also of their specific features; the object of an action defines the action (talking to a person), the circumstances consider the context in which the action takes place (in a lecture hall during a lecture), and the end is the acts purpose (to ask the person a question about the lecture). All these t hree aspects of action must be proper for the act to be considered good. Both Scotus and Ockham maintained that the matters of moral judgement were settled ultimately not by reason but by faith. Thus Gensler et al ( 31) claims that their views reinforced a stronger sense of individual autonomy both in moral and political matters. Hence the medieval view on ethics was the belief in the existence of God and that eternal salvation should be the principal motivation for the ethical behaviour. Modern period of thought: philosophers use the term modern to denote the enlightenment period which is approximately the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Modern is contrasted with the contemporary that roughly covers the last hundred years, the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries. Philosophers who made immense contributions in ethics during this period include; Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Gensler et al (32) states that ethics in the modern age began with a movement from the other-worldly focus that dominated medieval ethics. Although these prominent philosophers of the time did not reject the existence of God, a medieval idea, they rejected the view that humans should look up to God as a guide to their actions. They equally disputed the medieval idea that eternal salvation should be the motivation for ethical behavior. To the modern philosophers, the purpose of ethics is not to instruct humans how best to love God, but, rather, to show hum ans how best to live together in this world (Gensler et al 32). Major ethical theories Some of the major ethical theories that have influenced modern thinking in the United States include; utilitarianism, Kantian ethics and Aristotelian ethics. Utilitarianism also known as the consequentialist theory states that the consequences of an action of a given individual make an action moral or immoral. Hence, an action that contributes to beneficial consequences is considered right or moral while an action that results in harmful or destructive consequences is immoral or wrong. Driver (3) claims that the theory holds that an action or a law is right if only it produces the best outcome; only if it brings about the greatest good for the greatest number. To the proponents of this theory, any action is morally justified to the extent that it maximizes gains and minimizes the costs or harms. Some of the philosophers in support of this theory are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Bentham, an 18th century philosopher usually likened happiness with pleasure thus a good life and unhappiness with pain thus an unhappy life. Mill who was a 19th century philosopher, used his theory of utilitarianism to criticize laws that he felt were poin tless and even harmful to society such as womens suffrage (Driver 3). Hence it is clear that utilitarianism ethical theory maintains that an action is moral or right when the consequences are beneficial to the majority of the parties involved and not only the person doing that action. In addition, the consequences of such an action must be evaluated, not only the immediate consequences but also the short-term and long-term consequences. Kantian ethics: this is a theory that stresses on the duties and rights in the moral evaluation of any human action. The proponent of this theory, Immanuel Kant has rejected the consequentialist proposition of considering the consequences of an action to determine whether it is moral or immoral. Kant argues that the motivation behind any human action is what matters in the moral evaluation of such actions and not the consequences. Thus actions that are moral or right are those done out of a sense of duty, which means that an individual does it since one recognizes that it is the right thing to do. Bennett (75) states that Kant used some famous formulations of categorical imperative i.e. the name he gives to the fundamental principle of morality. Kant believed in the respect of persons and thus people should never be treated as a mere means, but only ever at the same time as an end. We are able to know our duty since we are uniquely rational as human beings, a special nature that we p osses that distinguishes us from animals. This theory maintains we should act morally depending on our rights and duties at all times and under all circumstances. Consequently moral actions promote the dignity and worth of other person, not using other persons for own purposes. Aristotelian ethics: the most famous proponent of this theory is Aristotle who stressed on a virtuous life. Virtue ethics do not dwell on the principles or the rules governing our actions like the previous ethical theories but seeks a deeper insight in gaining knowledge on the kind of character that should be possessed by a moral human being. According to Aristotle, a moral virtue is the inclination to do the right thing and avoid doing wrong. This virtuous character does not come naturally but through thorough training and education, thus it is an achievement not a natural predisposition in a human being (Gensler et al 27). Courage, temperance, prudence and justice were considered by Aristotle as the most fundamental moral virtues. In conclusion, the study of ethics is important since it helps us to evaluate our actions based on principles. This critical evaluation of ethical behaviour guides our thinking and action for future events. Ethics is an interesting subject that every person will enjoy studying since it sheds light into how we make decisions concerning the contemporary moral issues.

Similar Attitudes Toward Machinery, Language, and Substance in Wordswor

Similar Attitudes Toward Machinery, Language, and Substance in Wordsworth, Pope and Dryden William Wordsworth’s â€Å"Preface to Lyrical Ballads† is from the Romantic Period of British literature, while Alexander Pope’s â€Å"The Rape of the Lock† and John Dryden’s â€Å"Mac Flecknoe† are both from the Neoclassical Period; â€Å"The Rape of the Lock† is from the Augustan Age, while â€Å"Mac Flecknoe† is from the Restoration (â€Å"Literary†). Despite these discrepancies in the time periods that their respective works were produced, however, Wordsworth, Pope, and Dryden express similar attitudes toward machinery, language, and substance. Their works evidence their agreement that machinery is a destructive force of serial production and repetition; good poetic language should exclude such repetition and be original and substantial, and poetic images can be used to create substance out of a lack of substance. First, the texts of Wordsworth, Pope, and Dryden evidence their agreement that machinery is a destructive force of serial production and repetition. In â€Å"Preface to Lyrical Ballads,† Wordsworth writes, â€Å"However exalted a notion we would wish to cherish of the character of a Poet, it is obvious, that, while he describes and imitates passions, his situation is altogether slavish and mechanical, compared with the freedom and power of real and substantial action and suffering† (361). In this statement, Wordsworth expresses his view that an association with anything â€Å"mechanical,† or â€Å"[o]perated or produced by a mechanism or machine,† is not exalted and is unbecoming to a poet; machinery does not help produce freedom and substance (â€Å"Mechanical†). In â€Å"The Rape of the Lock,† Pope similarly demonstrates that machinery causes a lack of freedom and ... ...ntic Period, the three works agree on three ideas. They agree that machinery is a destructive force of serial production and repetition; good poetic language should exclude such repetition and be original and substantial, and poetic images can be used to create substance out of a lack of substance. Interestingly, their views are quite relevant to a British literature student who has to use her laptop computer to produce an original, substantial piece of writing from four blank sheets of paper. Works Cited â€Å"Literary Periods of British and American Literature.† The Literary Explorer. Renà ©e Goodvin. 15 Nov. 2004 . â€Å"Mechanical.† The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 2000 Fourth ed. Bartleby.com. 15 Nov. 2004 . (The Longman Anthology of British Literature 2nd Edition, Volumes 1c and 2a).

Absolute Truth – Is There Such a Thing as Absolute Truth

Is There Such A Thing As Absolute Truth? There are two answers for the question, â€Å"Is there such a thing as absolute truth? † The answer could be either yes or no. In my opinion, the answer is yes, because every individual lives his or her life in various experiences. Some people claim to know the absolute truth. Individuals based their truth on experiences and emotions and at times not logically consistent. When force fields such as emotions are present decisions are made then opinions are formed.For example, politics, I state politics because it never has a common ground. In politics you’re either Democrat or Republican, and both parties feel their plan is the absolute truth. As an American, we have the right to our own opinion but realize that our opinion is not the absolute truth. To make the statement that there is no absolute truth is invalid. Because one plus one does equal two so there is absolute truth which can be proven and understood. Is there such a thi ng as absolute truth?Yes, because of human conscience that â€Å"duty† within us that tells us that certain things are right and wrong. Therefore, our conscience let us know there is something wrong with pain, hunger, rape and makes us aware that love, peace, and charity are positive things for which we should strive for. In my opinion it so important to understand the concept of absolute truth in all areas of life this includes religion, because consequences exist in life for being wrong.For instance, a nurse can give a patient the wrong amount of a medication that can kill them; having an investment broker make the wrong monetary decisions can put you and your family in poverty; getting on the wrong bus will take someone where they do not wish to go; and dealing with an cheating spouse can result in the destruction of a family and potentially divorce. There are so many religions in this world that attempt to give their meaning and definition to absolute truth.Your existence is absolute truth which is simple. Through religion, mankinds seek God, we hope for the future, forgiveness of our sins, peace in the midst of struggle, and answers to our deepest questions. Religion is really proof that mankind is more than just a highly evolved creature. God implanted in man the desire to know him, and God is indeed the Creator, which makes Him the standard for absolute truth, and with His authority that establishes the absolute truth.

Of Mice and Men Essay Example

Of Mice and Men Essay Example Of Mice and Men Paper Of Mice and Men Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men† is a book depicting the effects of the 1930 Great Depression. Unemployment rates were at their height. Workers were constantly travelling around the country, moving from job to job, which left them no time to bond or build relationships with their fellow workers. A key theme running through the book is loneliness, symbolised by the place where the novella is set, the town of Soledad, which means â€Å"solitude†. The theme of loneliness is explored in a variety of different ways and in a highly sophisticated and nuanced fashion. Loneliness is shown as occurring in people for a number of different reasons, for example racism, social rejection, etc. This essay will discuss how Steinbeck presents loneliness within the first 3 sections of this novella. One character who is very lonely is Candy. Candy’s only friend is his dog who Candy is persuaded to have put down. George and Lenny escape isolation by having each other and are therefore happy to live alienated from the rest of the world. Candy had his dog and yet this does not compensate for his loneliness. When his dog is killed, he is left with no-one. He therefore wants to be part of their dream, and tries to persuade them by making a will and; â€Å"leave my share to guys in case I kick off†. This shows his wish not to be alone. In addition we see Candy’s loneliness when he says: â€Å"A guy on a ranch don’t never listen nor don’t he ask no questions†. The use of the phrase â€Å"guy on a ranch† suggests that ranch workers, as a collective unit, are lonely. This attitude is brought out earlier in the book when George says: â€Å"Guys like us are the loneliest guys in the world†. Steinbeck conveys the idea that all ranch workers are lonely, and for a man to keep to himself is the social norm. Another character who is portrayed as very lonely is Curly’s wife but for very different reasons. Curly’s wife seeks the attention of any man she meets. She is the only women on the ranch and feels mistreated by her husband. She tries to flirt with the other men perhaps to make Curly feel small and neglected, or maybe because she feels lonely and isolated on the ranch. Firstly, in section 3 she says; â€Å"Why can’t I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely†. This immediately gives us the impression that she is lonely. She feels isolated and she lacks human interaction. Furthermore, the fact that she married Curly makes her even more isolated as he gives her little freedom and controls every aspect of her life. This is shown by the fact that she is given no name, rather named â€Å" Curly’s wife† suggesting she belongs to him, thus highlighting his control over her life. In contrast to these characters we see a friendship between George and Lenny built on necessity and genuine affection. Although George becomes angry at Lenny in section 1: â€Å"I got you! You can’t keep a job and you lose me every job I get†, his care for Lennie is highlighted by his adamant request for Lennie to stay with him when he threatens to leave him; â€Å" no look I was just fooling! † the imperative shows the urgency and plea and the punctuation emphasises this. This desperate plea for Lenny to stay with suggests that they George does really want to be with him, regardless of what he says. However their relationship is ambiguous. Although George shows affection towards Lennie, he often talks about wanting to be alone. In portraying George’s desire for solitude, Steinbeck shows that solitude and loneliness are different things. Solitude is not necessarily always a bad thing yet loneliness is. In conclusion, I believe that not all of the characters in â€Å" Of Mice and Men† are lonely although loneliness is a major theme in the novella.

Assess the Impact of Disrupting Bodily Rhythms in Humans. essays

Assess the Impact of Disrupting Bodily Rhythms in Humans. essays There are three types of bodily rhythm suggested by psychologists; the Circadian rhythm, the Infradian rhythm and the Ultradian rhythm. A Circadian rhythm is a rhythm which repeats itself every 24 hours, whilst, the Infradian and Ultradian rhythms last longer and shorter than 24 hours (respectively). There are two factors that are capable of disrupting the bodily rhythms of humans. The first being Endogenous pacemakers, which are internal aspects that may upset the rhythms, and the second being Exogenous zeitgebers, which are internal aspects of the environment which may upset a rhythm, e.g. light, temperature etc. The sleep/wake cycle is an example of a Circadian rhythm, as it is repeated every 24 hours. Psychologists have attempted to investigate the roles of Endogenous Pacemakers in the sleep/wake cycle by removing all external factors. To do so Siffre (1975) lived in a cave for seven months, recording his bodily functions while he was awake and lights were turned off when he fell asleep. Eventually Siffres sleep/wake cycle settled on a 25-30 hour day, so that when he came out on the 179th day he believed it was the 151st, and had lost 28 days. This supports the idea that the sleep/wake cycle will continue in the absence of light/dark cues, and also shows that this cycle moves toward 25 hours. However, although the study seems useful, and the findings supported by other studies, these studies have been conducted on individuals, and the data is therefore unrepresentative and cannot be generalised to the population as a whole. Further more there are individual differences in peoples cy cles which this study did not take into account. Isolation studies, do however show humans possess a mechanism which acts as an internal clock which subsequent research has shown to be located in the hypothalamus. In this case the disruption of the bodily rhythm was not detrimental, however the study focused on only one cycle...

Should legal scholars help public decision makers to ensure that Essay

Should legal scholars help public decision makers to ensure that contract law takes proper account of commercial reality - Essay Example This paper discusses whether the legal scholars should help the public decision makers in ensuring that the contract law takes commercial reality into consideration. For the purpose of this study various other aspects of contract law in conjunction with commercial situations has been analyzed and discussed in the ensuing paragraphs. Section one discusses the whether the commercial law can be changed to suit the market needs. Section two ponders over the issue of the appropriateness of courts as institutions for devising and framing market friendly laws. The subsequent sections discusses and analyzes the role of law in expanding and contracting market reach as well as the impact of instrumental desires and legalistic regimes on the markets. A detailed discussion on various schools of thoughts, impact of inclusion of academic (legal) theory and objectives etc have been included in the essay to lend credibility to the discussions and conclusions arrived there from. The Law is framed to serve the primary objective of establishing order and justice within a given society1. The Commercial Law proposes a legal framework which accelerates the process of trade by elevating effectiveness, faith and dependency and dissuading fraudulence and immorality by implementing effective laws such as contract law and trade practices legislation. It is imperative that the markets would either recede into disarray leading to commotion and anarchy or into self regulation in the absence of an efficient and impartial legal system. Although what outcomes the markets might be subjected to is a disputable issue, the advocates of the formalist perspective – an ideal which propagates the existence of a formal universal legal system suggest that such a legal system would offer ultimate benefit to the market. However, Posner2 (1996) contends that the law would hold relatively more significance â€Å"under a variety of plausible

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Political science - Essay Example The Supreme Court is a political institution like the other branches of the government such as the executive thus cannot be relied upon to make decisions on the original intention of the bill of rights. Supreme Court decisions and interpretation of the constitution is not always wrong, but the political influences experienced results to an opinion that reflects the current political tide (Garry 30). There is no explicit wording in the constitution or bill of rights that applies on to the federal government. The Constitution applies universally to all citizens and institutions in the whole nation and so do the bill of rights. The constitution and the bill of rights are thus inseparable and apply universally to the federal government, state or local authority governments. Article VI, Section 2 of the constitution is clear on the intention of those who framed the constitution since it states that ‘the constitution shall be Supreme law of land, and judges in every state shall be bound by the constitution’. Since the constitution framers implied that the judges in every state must obey the laws regardless of any contradictory state laws, it is clear that the intention was to limit the powers of both levels of government and protect the rights of all citizens in the country (Garry 67). From the ten amendments, it is only the first amendment that states that ‘Congress shall make not law’, but none of the other articles Congress shall not make such laws. It is clear from the other nine amendments that this are constitutional general statements that protect the rights of all citizens against excessive powers of federal, local and state governments. The first amendment was worded differently due to the prevailing political units and inhabitants in every state since most states were bound by religion and origin (Garry 123). The bill of rights does not intend to restrict government powers since historically there was no federal militia

Multiculturalism issues and economic-based solutions Essay

Multiculturalism issues and economic-based solutions - Essay Example It was expected that the global economic extension will bring stability and development in the local markets. But the result is entirely reverse and critics are viewing the globalization as another form of colonial imperialism. Political instability due to corrupt leaders, lack of proper infrastructure favorable to rich countries causes brain drain from less privileged countries. Immigration is the leading issue in rich countries who are reviewing their existing laws to make it difficult for inter-state migration. Also for those who have already migrated to one of the countries with better prospects, the hosts will have to initiate programs to adjust such individuals without disturbing the existing coherence in the society. Immigration is causing another issue of individual and organized racism against settlers. Educational, economical, social, and political racism has plagued the idea of equality in different communities across the globe. Goldring argues that civil forces and campai gns can bring a positive change through community rebuilding based upon justice, equality, freedom, tolerance, mutual respect, and basic human rights that guarantees one’s participation in the process of decision–making in social, economic and political life.

The Apartheid government Essay Example for Free

The Apartheid government Essay The Apartheid government was able to remain in power for 50 years because it ensured that strong opposition was unable to grow against it and had the means to suppress it by force when necessary.  When a society feels that its demands are being met, and that state action during crises is in its interest, it will feel authoritarian regime to abide to Locke’s social contract (Spragens, 1997: 34 ) and thus have the right to rule, even without democracy (Levi, 1988; McGuire Olson, 1996 as cited in Ghandi Przeworski, 2007: 1281). An authoritarian regime requires a overwhelming monopoly of force( Ghandi Przeworski, 2007).. It is however when states fail to economically grow or resolve crises, that authoritarian regime does collapse. Once the regime can no longer provide for society, citizens lose obligation to follow its rule and the regime can face overthrow. This is also true if it lacks military capabilities to protect society and thus ensure stability( Ghandi Przeworski, 2007). Authoritarian regime is furthermore at risk of collapse when relative deprivation occurs in society (Breslin, Hague Harrop, 1992). Board opposition coalescence combines efforts aimed at a superior regime alternative. It delegitimises standing authoritarian regimes as does international dimension factors, seeing as when one’s surrounding nations democratise, one’s own society will wish to democratise too. The apartheid government’s authoritarian rule survived for 50 year because of the initial lack of afore mentioned challenges. Before the country was excluded from the international community, the apartheid regime had command over the economy and satisfied the demands of white citizens, thus securing their legitimacy. Its initial financial support from abroad and surrounding nations’ late liberalisation, also buffered it from facing overthrow. By ensuring Black’s poverty, illiteracy and discrimination, the Apartheid regime further ensured their survival. It crushed revolts from the oppressed Black majority through military force. It furthermore enforced Bantu education, providing Black kids with inferior schooling, and the colour bar, limiting job availability and salary due to one’s race.  Blacks’ focus was moulded to be that of making a living, at the expense of their vote for half a decade.